State militia regiment organized in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1836. Chartered by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1839. Mustered into federal service during the U.S.-Mexican War from 1846 to 1847, and the U.S. Civil War from 1861 to 1864.
Mustered into federal service as the 1st Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment in May 1846. Mustered out at New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 17, 1847. Commander: Stephen Ormsby.
Mustered into federal service as the 5th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment (U.S.A.) on September 9, 1861. Mustered out at Louisville on September 14, 1864. Commander(s): Lovell H. Rousseau and William Berry.